On June 22, the Space-based Multi-band Variable Object Monitor (SVOM) was successfully launched.(PHOTO: XINHUA)

On June 22, the Sino-French satellite Space Variable Objects Monitor (SVOM) was successfully launched. Earlier, on May 3, China's Chang'e-6 lunar probe carried France's Detection of Outgassing RadoN to the moon, marking the first collaboration between the two countries in lunar exploration and France's debut in a lunar landing project. This year also celebrates the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and France, highlighting their longstanding cooperation in space.

The 1960s and 1970s marked the early stages of this partnership. France was the first to establish diplomatic relations with China at the ambassadorial level in January 1964. In 1978, they signed an intergovernmental sci-tech cooperation agreement, the first China ever had with a Western country.

In the 1980s, China and France deepened their space collaboration. In 1985, leaders of China's space sector visited France and signed a Memorandum of Understanding on space technology cooperation. In 1987, Matra Co., a leading French space company, developed microgravity experimental instruments, which were carried by Chinese satellites, making France the first international customer of China's commercial satellite launch services using the Long March series of rockets.

Since China and France's joint declaration in May 1997 establishing a comprehensive partnership, both sides have signed an agreement for peaceful use of outer space, further consolidating space cooperation.

The 21st century has seen continued Sino-European space collaboration. In 2011, China successfully launched the French W3C satellite into orbit, marking its first launch service for a European satellite operator. The Chinese Academy of Sciences' Space Science Pioneering Program, now in its second phase, includes significant contributions from European scientists.

China's lunar exploration program has always welcomed international partners. In 2019, China's National Space Administration and the French National Center for Space Studies signed a cooperation intention letter. During French President Emmanuel Macron's visit to China in 2023, China gifted France a lunar sample. Esteemed French scientists, such as Michel Blanc, have long contributed to China's deep space exploration plans.

Overall, the 60-year cooperation between China and France in space science and technology has yielded significant achievements, enhancing research capabilities and technological breakthroughs, and fostering talent.

Looking to the future, the space technology cooperation between China and European countries such as France will be influenced by technological, geopolitical, and diplomatic factors, but the foundation of mutual benefit and long-term cooperation will remain vital. China will always be committed to maintaining an open, pragmatic approach, strengthening strategic communication with European partners, and promoting the peaceful and sustainable use of global space technology.

ZHANG Zhihui is with the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); LIU Yong with the National Space Science Center, CAS